Calling for greater urgency to end extreme poverty, World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim announced on October 9 that the World Bank has set an interim target to reduce global poverty to 9 percent in 2020, which, if achieved, would mark the first time the rate has fallen into the single-digit level.
The milestone was based on a World Bank economic analysis of global poverty trends toward reaching a goal of ending extreme poverty by 2030. Living in extreme poverty is defined as below 1.25 USD a day.
World Bank Group economists found if developing countries continued their strong growth rates in the coming seven years – far from a given - the global rate would dip below 10 percent for the first time since such figures were first reported in the World Development Report in 1990. Since 1990, when 43 percent of the people living in developing countries lived in poverty, global poverty has been in a steady retreat. An estimated 1.9 billion people lived in poverty in 1990, and that number fell to 1.2 billion in 2010.
Reaching 9 percent in 2020 would mean an estimated 690 million people would be still living in extreme poverty. If achieved, the world would have 510 million fewer people living in poverty in 2020, compared to a decade earlier. That would be the equivalent of half of the population of the continent of Africa, or more than double the population of Indonesia.
“Setting this target reminds us we are on the cusp of something historic – ridding the world of the scourge of people living in such abysmal conditions,” Kim said on the eve of the opening of the 2013 Annual Meetings of the World Bank Group and the International Monetary Fund.
“It also means that all of us – developing country leaders and their partners, including the World Bank Group – need to up their game now in order to end extreme poverty. We need to help developing countries accelerate growth, attract private investment, and create good jobs,” Kim said.
Last April, the Governors of the World Bank Group endorsed two goals for the organization: end extreme poverty by 2030 and boost shared prosperity of the bottom 40 percent of the population in all developing countries.
This week, the Governors will consider a World Bank Group strategy that for the first time will unite all parts of the institution – the Bank, which works with governments; IFC, the private sector arm; and MIGA, which issues political risk insurance – and align them toward meeting its two goals.
Kim cited research by the World Bank Group that showed if developing countries continued historic growth rates for the next two decades, global poverty would be reduced to 8 percent in 2030 – far from the target. The World Bank Group has defined ending extreme poverty as reaching 3 percent poverty globally, due to constant fluctuations of populations above and below the line because of conflict, disasters, loss of employment, and other factors.
In order to meet the 2030 target, Kim said, developing countries would have to match their growth during the fastest-growing period of the past two decades. That period varied per country, and was caused by multiple factors.
“Ending extreme poverty is achievable in less than a generation’s time,” Kim said. “But we need strong growth, committed political leaders, and a growing social movement that keeps pushing all of us to focus like a laser beam on the result all of us want.”/.